Materials+Science+and+Engineering
-
3D Hierarchically Porous Nanostructured Catalyst Helps Efficiently Reduce CO2
- This new catalyst will bring CO2 one step closer to serving as a sustainable energy source. -
KAIST researchers developed a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically porous nanostructured catalyst with carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) conversion rate up to 3.96 times higher than that of conventional nanoporous gold catalysts. This new catalyst helps overcome the existing limitations of the mass transport that has been a major cause of decreases in the CO2 conversion rate, holding a strong promise for the large-scale and cost-effective electrochemical conversion of CO2 into useful chemicals.
As CO2 emissions increase and fossil fuels deplete globally, reducing and converting CO2 to clean energy electrochemically has attracted a great deal of attention as a promising technology. Especially due to the fact that the CO2 reduction reaction occurs competitively with hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) at similar redox potentials, the development of an efficient electrocatalyst for selective and robust CO2 reduction reactions has remained a key technological issue.
Gold (Au) is one of the most commonly used catalysts in CO2 reduction reactions, but the high cost and scarcity of Au pose obstacles for mass commercial applications. The development of nanostructures has been extensively studied as a potential approach to improving the selectivity for target products and maximizing the number of active stable sites, thus enhancing the energy efficiency.
However, the nanopores of the previously reported complex nanostructures were easily blocked by gaseous CO bubbles during aqueous reactions. The CO bubbles hindered mass transport of the reactants through the electrolyte, resulting in low CO2 conversion rates.
In the study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS) on March 4, a research group at KAIST led by Professor Seokwoo Jeon and Professor Jihun Oh from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering designed a 3D hierarchically porous Au nanostructure with two different sizes of macropores and nanopores. The team used proximity-field nanopatterning (PnP) and electroplating techniques that are effective for fabricating the 3D well-ordered nanostructures.
The proposed nanostructure, comprised of interconnected macroporous channels 200 to 300 nanometers (nm) wide and 10 nm nanopores, induces efficient mass transport through the interconnected macroporous channels as well as high selectivity by producing highly active stable sites from numerous nanopores.
As a result, its electrodes show a high CO selectivity of 85.8% at a low overpotential of 0.264 V and efficient mass activity that is up to 3.96 times higher than that of de-alloyed nanoporous Au electrodes.
“These results are expected to solve the problem of mass transfer in the field of similar electrochemical reactions and can be applied to a wide range of green energy applications for the efficient utilization of electrocatalysts,” said the researchers.
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea.
Image credit: Professor Seokwoo Jeon and Professor Jihun Oh, KAIST
Image usage restrictions: News organizations may use or redistribute this image, with proper attribution, as part of news coverage of this paper only.
Publication:
Hyun et al. (2020) Hierarchically porous Au nanostructures with interconnected channels for efficient mass transport in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (PNAS). Available online at https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918837117
Profile:
Seokwoo Jeon, PhD
Professor
jeon39@kaist.ac.kr
http://fdml.kaist.ac.kr
Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE)
https://www.kaist.ac.kr
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Profile:
Jihun Oh, PhD
Associate Professor
jihun.oh@kaist.ac.kr
http://les.kaist.ac.kr
Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE)
Department of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS)
KAIST
Profile:
Gayea Hyun
PhD Candidate
cldywkd93@kaist.ac.kr
http://fdml.kaist.ac.kr
Flexible Devices and Metamaterials Laboratory (FDML)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE)
KAIST
Profile:
Jun Tae Song, PhD
Assistant Professor
song.juntae@cstf.kyushu-u.ac.jp
http://www.cstf.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~ishihara-lab/
Department of Applied Chemistry
https://www.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
(END)
2020.03.13 View 14858 -
Blood-Based Multiplexed Diagnostic Sensor Helps to Accurately Detect Alzheimer’s Disease
A research team at KAIST reported clinically accurate multiplexed electrical biosensor for detecting Alzheimer’s disease by measuring its core biomarkers using densely aligned carbon nanotubes.
Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, affecting one in ten aged over 65 years. Early diagnosis can reduce the risk of suffering the disease by one-third, according to recent reports. However, its early diagnosis remains challenging due to the low accuracy but high cost of diagnosis.
Research team led by Professors Chan Beum Park and Steve Park described an ultrasensitive detection of multiple Alzheimer's disease core biomarker in human plasma. The team have designed the sensor array by employing a densely aligned single-walled carbon nanotube thin films as a transducer.
The representative biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease are beta-amyloid42, beta-amyloid40, total tau protein, phosphorylated tau protein and the concentrations of these biomarkers in human plasma are directly correlated with the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease.
The research team developed a highly sensitive resistive biosensor based on densely aligned carbon nanotubes fabricated by Langmuir-Blodgett method with a low manufacturing cost.
Aligned carbon nanotubes with high density minimizes the tube-to-tube junction resistance compared with randomly distributed carbon nanotubes, which leads to the improvement of sensor sensitivity. To be more specific, this resistive sensor with densely aligned carbon nanotubes exhibits a sensitivity over 100 times higher than that of conventional carbon nanotube-based biosensors.
By measuring the concentrations of four Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers simultaneously Alzheimer patients can be discriminated from health controls with an average sensitivity of 90.0%, a selectivity of 90.0% and an average accuracy of 88.6%.
This work, titled “Clinically accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease via multiplexed sensing of core biomarkers in human plasma”, were published in Nature Communications on January 8th 2020. The authors include PhD candidate Kayoung Kim and MS candidate Min-Ji Kim.
Professor Steve Park said, “This study was conducted on patients who are already confirmed with Alzheimer’s Disease. For further use in practical setting, it is necessary to test the patients with mild cognitive impairment.” He also emphasized that, “It is essential to establish a nationwide infrastructure, such as mild cognitive impairment cohort study and a dementia cohort study. This would enable the establishment of world-wide research network, and will help various private and public institutions.”
This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT, Human Resource Bank of Chungnam National University Hospital and Chungbuk National University Hospital.
< A schematic diagram of a high-density aligned carbon nanotube-based resistive sensor that distinguishes patients with Alzheimer’s Disease by measuring the concentration of four biomarkers in the blood. >
Profile:
Professor Steve Park
stevepark@kaist.ac.kr
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
http://steveparklab.kaist.ac.kr/
KAIST
Profile:
Professor Chan Beum Park
parkcb at kaist.ac.kr
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
http://biomaterials.kaist.ac.kr/
KAIST
2020.02.07 View 8943 -
Professor Il-Doo Kim Named Scientist of the Year by the Journalists
Professor Il-Doo Kim from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering was named the 2019 Scientist of the Year by Korean science journalists. The award was conferred at the 2019 Science Press Night ceremony of the Korea Science Journalists Association (KSJA) on November 29.
Professor Kim focuses on developing nanofiber gas sensors for diagnosing diseases in advance by analyzing exhaled biomarkers with electrospinning technology. His outstanding research was praised and selected as one of the top 10 nanotechnology of 2019 by the Korea Nano Technology Research Society (KoNTRS), the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE).
Professor Kim was honored with the QIAN Baojun Fiber Award, which is awarded every two years by Donghua University in Shanghai, China to recognize outstanding contributions in fiber science and technology. Professor Kim was also elected as an academician of the Asia Pacific Academy of Materials (APAM) on November 21 in Guangzhou, China.
In May, Professor Kim was appointed as an associate editor of ACS Nano, a leading international research journal in the field of nanoscience. In his editorial published in the May issue of ACS Nano, Professor Kim introduced and shared the history of KAIST and its vision for the future with other members of the journal. He hopes this will help with promoting a closer relationship between the members of the journal and KAIST moving forward.
“Above all,” he said in his acceptance speech, “the greatest news for me as an educator is that the first PhD graduate from our lab, Dr. Seonjin Choi, was appointed as the youngest professor in the Division of Materials Science and Engineering at Hanyang University on September 1.”
2019.12.17 View 9137 -
President Shin to be Honored from Northwestern University
(KAIST President Sung-Chul Shin)
President Sung-Chul Shin has been named the recipient of the Distinguished Career Achievement Award 2019 for Alumni of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University.
The awards committee announced last month that the committee decided to award President Shin in recognition of his significant contribution toward materials research, particularly in the field of magnetic materials, and also for the leadership he has demonstrated in higher education. The awards ceremony will take place on May 16 at Northwestern University.
President Shin earned his PhD in material physics at Northwestern in 1984 after completing his MS in condensed matter physics at KAIST in 1977. He is also a graduate of applied physics from Seoul National University.
President Shin, an accomplished scholar in the field of nanoscience and a pioneer of research in nanospinics, has held numerous fellowships including the American Physical Society and received scholarly honor from the Asian Union Magnetics Societies. His research focuses on the artificial synthesis and characterization of nonmagnetic materials, magnetic anisotropy, and magneto-optical phenomena. While studying at Northwestern, he produced novel superlattice multilayer thin film structures with bismuth and lead telluride, noting that they have similar structures.
With his expertise, he joined KAIST in 1989 to dedicate himself to academic contributions. During his professorship in the Department of Physics, he produced about 300 journal papers and 37 patents while fostering 80 graduate students. He served as the first president in Daegu-Gyeongbuk Scientific Technology Research Institute (DGIST) for six years from 2011.
2019.01.09 View 3098 -
Students' Continued Gratitude Extends to Their Spouses
Here is a story of a group of KAIST graduates who still cherish the memory of their professor who passed away in 2003.
They are former students from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and SDV Lab and their spouses. They created a group, called ‘Chun-sa-heoi’ meaning members who love Dr. Soung-Soon Chun. They reunite every February 26, the date that Dr. Chun passed away.
Chun-sa-heoi is comprised of twelve former students who are now professors, board members of major companies, and an attorney. From his first graduate, Professor Jae Gon Kim at Hanyang University to the most recent graduate, Attorney Jaehwan Kim, Chun-sa-heoi is marking 40 years of their bond.
Dr. Chun was teaching at the University of Utah when he received a call from the Korean government asking him to join KAIST in 1972 as a visiting professor.
He first introduced and established the Department of Materials Engineering, which was considered to be an advanced field at that time. During 30 years of dedication in this field, he fostered 48 Masters and 26 PhD graduates.
Professor Chul Soon Park from the School of Electrical Engineering is one of the former students of Dr. Chun. He explained, “Dr. Chun always cared about his students and guided them in better directions even after they graduated. My gratitude towards him still stays deep in my heart, so I keep maintaining the relationship with him.”
Mrs. Bok Yeon Choi, the spouse of KOREATECH Professor Sang-Ho Kim, first met Dr. Chun and his wife, Myung-Ja Chun in 1987 when she married her husband, who was enrolled in the graduate program at that time. “The Chuns showed affection to not only Dr. Chun’s students but also their families. They took care of us like a family,” she recalled.
Although Dr. Chun passed away in 2003, they continue to pay visits to Mrs. Chun, and they naturally organized this group, expressing gratitude to the Chuns. And their reunions keep on going even after Mrs. Chun moved to Los Angeles where her children are residing. Whenever the former students have a business trip to the U.S, they do not forget to visit Mrs. Chun.
But this year was somewhat more special for Mrs Chun and Chun-sa-heoi. In April, twelve spouses from Chun-sa-heoi invited Mrs. Chun to Hawaii to celebrate her 80th birthday. Mrs. Chun means a lot to the spouses because she has played the role of supporter to them. When they needed advice, she always answered sincerely and encouraged them.
There are numerous relationships among students and professors over the history of KAIST; however, the story of the Chuns and Chun-sa-heoi is very special because their relationship extends to their spouses, beyond the student-professor relationship.
This photo was taken in last April when Chun-sa-heoi celebrated the 80th birthday of Mrs. Chun in Hawaii.
? Who is Dr. Chun?
(Dr. Soung-Soon Chun)
Dr. Chun returned to Korea from the United States in 1972 following a call from the Korean government. At that time, the government policy was to bring back prominent scientists from abroad to develop national science and technology. From the time of KAIST’s foundation, he dedicated himself as a professor. He established the Department of Materials Engineering, where he fostered students and made significant academic contributions in his field.
While holding a position as a professor at the University of Utah, he developed a chemical vapor deposition method with tungsten and applied this method to cutting tools, making a contribution to the economic development of Korea.
When government-funded institutes, including KAIST, faced difficulties due to early retirements and tax credits being cut off, he was appointed as the vice president of KAIST and ardently proposed ways to promote the institute. During his term as vice president and president, he contributed to making KAIST a global research-centered educational institute. Before he passed away at the age of 69 in 2003, he held the position of president of the Daejeon National University of Technology and the Presidential Advisory Council on Science and Technology.
2018.07.13 View 5889 -
The 8th KINC Fusion Research Awardees
The KAIST Institute for NanoCentury held the 8th KINC Fusion Research Award in order to encourage professors’ convergence studies and instill students’ willingness to research. The award ceremony took place in the KI Building at KAIST on March 13.
The KINC Fusion Research Award selects the most outstanding convergence studies among research undertaken last year, and awards researchers who participated in that research.
The 8th KINC Fusion Research Award went to Professor Yoon Sung Nam from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Professor Inkyu Park from the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Their research reported the spontaneous self-biomineralization of palladium (Pd) ions on a filamentous virus to form ligand-free Pd nanowires without reducing reagents or using additional surface stabilizers (Title: Virus-Templated Self-Mineralization of Ligand-Free Colloidal Palladium Nanostructures for High Surface Activity and Stability, Advanced Functional Materials (2017)).
Professor Hee-Tae Jung, the Director of KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury and the host of the KINC Fusion Research Award said, “Convergence will be the crucial keyword that will lead to revolutionary change. Hence, the importance of convergence study should be improved. We will put every effort into creating a research environment for increasing convergence study.
The KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury was established in June 2006 under the KAIST Institute with a mission of creating convergence study by tearing down boarders among departments and carrying out interdisciplinary joint research. Currently, approximately 90 professors from 14 departments participate the institute. It aims to become a hub of university institutes for nano-fusion research.
2018.03.19 View 10126 -
Professor Il-Doo Kim Recevies the Song-gok Award
Professor Il-Doo Kim from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at KAIST received the 20th Song-gok Science and Technology Award from Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KSIT).
The Song-gok Science and Technology Award was established to praise the accomplishments of the first president, Hyung-seop Choi, whose penname is Song-gok. The award selects a recipient in the field of materials and technology every other year.
Professor Kim, in recognition of his outstanding research and contributions to materials science in Korea, received the award during the 52nd anniversary ceremony of KIST on February 9.
Professor Kim focuses on developing nanofiber gas sensors for diagnosing disease in advance by analyzing exhaled biomarkers with electrospinning technology.
He has published more than 211 papers and has recorded more than 9,650 citations and 50 h-index.
Professor Kim has registered 107 patents and applied 38 patents in Korea while registering 29 patents and applying 16 patents overseas. Also, he transferred four technologies in 2017.
Professor Kim is recognized as one of the researchers who is leading nanofiber technology. On January 17, he made a keynote speech at the 5th International Conference on Electrospinning, which was his fourth keynote speech at that conference.
Moreover, he received the Technology Innovation Award at the College of Engineering, KAIST on December 19, 2017.
Professor Kim said, “It is my great honor to receive the Song-gok Science and Technology Award. I would like to bring distinction to KAIST by taking the lead in the commercializing a nanofiber-based highly sensitive nanosensors, diversifying and commercializing technology using nanofiber.”
2018.02.13 View 7255 -
Professors Jeon and Choi Receive the Young Scientist Award
Professors Seokwoo Jeon of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Jang Wook Choi of the Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS) at KAIST received the Young Scientist Award.
The award ceremony took place at the Korea Press Center in Seoul. Presented by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning of Korea and the National Academy of Engineering of Korea, the Young Scientist Award is given to outstanding scientists under the age of 40 who have demonstrated excellence in their research in the field of natural science.
Each year the award is given to three scientists in different areas.
Professor Jeon was recognized for his achievement in creating a new property of materials. He studied synthesis and development of low-dimensional nanomaterials and developed a large area nanostructure.
Professor Choi’s research area was to discover optimal materials for rechargeable batteries. By applying his research, he developed rechargeable batteries with high efficiency, making the wearable system more feasible.
2016.01.11 View 10019 -
Professor Keon-Jae Lee Lectures at IEDM and ISSCC Forums
Professor Keon-Jae Lee of KAIST’s Materials Science and Engineering Department delivered a speech at the 2015 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) held on December 7-9, 2015 in Washington, D.C.
He will also present a speech at the 2016 International Solid-State Circuits Conference scheduled on January 31-February 4, 2016 in San Francisco, California.
Both professional gatherings are considered the world’s most renowned forums in electronic devices and semiconductor technology. It is rare for a Korean researcher to be invited to speak at these global conferences.
Professor Lee was recognized for his research on flexible NAND chips. The Korea Times, an English language daily newspaper in Korea, reported on his participation in the forums and his recent work. An excerpt of the article follows below:
“KAIST Professor to Lecture at Renowned Tech Forums”
By Lee Min-hyung, The Korea Times, November 26, 2015
Recently he has focused on delivering technologies for producing flexible materials that can be applied to everyday life. The flexible NAND flash memory chips are expected to be widely used for developing flexible handsets. His latest research also includes flexible light-emitting diodes (LED) for implantable biomedical applications.
Lee is currently running a special laboratory focused on developing new flexible nano-materials. The research group is working to develop what it calls “self-powered flexible electronic systems” using nanomaterials and electronic technology.
Lee’s achievement with flexible NAND chips was published in the October edition of Nano Letters, the renowned U.S.-based scientific journal.
He said that flexible memory chips will be used to develop wearable computers that can be installed anywhere.
2015.11.26 View 9358 -
Professor Seok-Jung Kang Is Appointed the Director of the Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology
Professor Seok-Jung Kang of the Material Sciences and Engineering Department at KAIST has been appointed to the position of the third Director of the Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology. His three-year term will begin September 9, 2015.
An authority in the field of ceramics, Professor Kang has taught at KAIST since 1980. He received his bachelor’s degree from the Department of Metallurgical Engineering at Seoul National University, his master’s degree at KAIST, and his doctoral degree at the Ecole Centrale de Paris.
Professor Kang received the Robert B. Sosman Award in 2011, an annual prize given by the American Society of Ceramics to recognize outstanding achievement in basic science in an area that results in significant impact to the field of ceramics. He was the first Asian recipient of the award.
He also received the 2015 Professor Sir Richard Brooke Award, a prestigious bi-annual prize presented to an outstanding scholar by the European Society of Ceramics.
2015.09.15 View 5652 -
Professor Suk-Joong Kang Receives the Richard Brook and Helmholtz Awards
Professor Suk-Joong Kang of KAIST’s Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering received the Richard Brook Award from the European Ceramic Society at its 14th conference held on June 21, 2015, in Toledo, Spain. The award is presented to the most distinguished academic or engineer in ceramics from a non-European country. Professor Kang gave the commemorative lecture after the award ceremony.
Professor Kang is an expert in the field of sintering and microstructural evolution in ceramics and metals. He suggested a new model for grain growth and identified the principles of microstructural evolution.
He also received the 2015 Helmholtz Fellow Award in June. The Helmholtz Association, the largest scientific organization in Germany, confers the award on outstanding senior scientists based outside Germany who have made great academic and research achievements in their fields.
Professor Kang said of the Brook Award, “It is such an honor to receive an award from an eminent global institution. I take this opportunity to thank my students and colleagues for their support, and I will work harder for my research.”
2015.07.20 View 5717 -
2015 QS World University Rankings by Subject: KAIST's Chemical Engineering ranks 17th and 19th for Materials Science in the World
Chemical Engineering (1st in Korea)
1
MIT (US)
2
UC Berkeley (US)
3
Stanford University (US)
4
University of Cambridge (UK)
5
National University of Singapore (Singapore)
17
KAIST (Korea)
Materials Science and Engineering (1st in Korea)
1
MIT (US)
2
Stanford University (US)
3
UC Berkeley (US)
4
University of Cambridge (UK)
5
North Western University (US)
19
KAIST (Korea)
Electrical and Electronic Engineering (1st in Korea)
1
MIT (US)
2
Stanford University (US)
3
UC Berkeley (US)
4
Harvard University (US)
5
ETH Zurich – Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Switzerland)
22
KAIST (Korea)
Civil and Structural Engineering (1st in Korea)
1
MIT (US)
2
Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands)
3
National University of Singapore (Singapore)
4
Imperial College London (UK)
5
University of Cambridge (UK)
22
KAIST (Korea)
Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering (1st in Korea)
1
MIT (US)
2
Stanford University (US)
3
University of Cambridge (UK)
4
UC Berkeley (US)
5
Michigan University (US)
26
KAIST (Korea)
Chemistry (2nd in Korea)
1
MIT (US)
2
UC Berkeley (US)
3
University of Cambridge (UK)
4
Harvard University (US)
5
University of Oxford (UK)
26
KAIST (Korea)
Computer Science and Information Systems (1st in Korea)
1
MIT (US)
2
Stanford University (US)
3
University of Oxford (UK)
4
Carnegie Mellon University (US)
Harvard University (US)
39
KAIST (Korea)
The QS World University Rankings released its 2015 rankings by subject on April 29, 2015.
According to the rankings, KAIST’s Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Materials Science Engineering were listed in the top 20 global universities, 17th and 19th, respectively.
KAIST took first place in six subjects among Korean universities, including electrical and electronic engineering; civil and structural engineering; mechanical, aeronautical and manufacturing engineering; and computer science and information systems.
The QS World University Rankings by Subject highlights the world’s top universities in a range of popular subject areas, covering 36 subjects as of this year. Published annually since 2011, the rankings are based on academic reputation, employer reputation, citation count, and research impact.
For a full list of the rankings: http://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings/2015
2015.04.29 View 5300