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KAIST Directly Visualizes the Hidden Spatial Order of Electrons in a Quantum Material
<(Back row, from left) Yeongkwan Kim, SungBin Lee, Heejun Yang, Yongsoo Yang_(Front row, from left) Jemin Park, Seokjo Hong, Jaewhan Oh>
· Cryogenic 4D-STEM reveals how charge density waves form, fragment, and persist across a phase transition
· First direct measurement of electronic amplitude correlations uncovers strain-driven inhomogeneity and localized order above the transition temperature
Electronic order in quantum materials often emerges not uniformly, but through subtle and complex patterns that vary from place to place. One prominent example is the charge density wave (CDW), an ordered state in which electrons arrange themselves into periodic patterns at low temperatures. Although CDWs have been studied for decades, how their strength and spatial coherence evolve across a phase transition has remained largely inaccessible experimentally.
Now, a team led by Professor Yongsoo Yang of the Department of Physics at KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology), together with Professors SungBin Lee, Heejun Yang, and Yeongkwan Kim, and in collaboration with Stanford University, has for the first time directly visualized the spatial evolution of charge density wave amplitude order inside a quantum material.
A New Way to See Electronic Order at the Nanoscale
Using a liquid-helium-cooled electron microscope setup combined with four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM), the researchers mapped how CDW order develops, weakens, and fragments as temperature changes. This approach allowed them to reconstruct nanoscale maps of the CDW amplitude, revealing not just whether the order exists, but how strong it is and how it is spatially connected.
This study is similar to filming the growth of ice crystals as water freezes using an ultra-high-magnification camera. In this case, however, the researchers observed electrons arranging themselves at cryogenic temperatures of around –253°C, and used an electron microscope capable of resolving features one hundred-thousandth the width of a human hair instead of a conventional camera. The results showed that the electronic patterns do not appear uniformly across the material. In some regions, clear patterns are visible, while in neighboring areas they are entirely absent, much like a lake that does not freeze all at once, with patches of ice interspersed with liquid water.
How Electronic Order Breaks Apart in Real Space
The team further demonstrated that this spatial inhomogeneity is closely linked to local strain inside the crystal. Even extremely small distortions that are far below optical resolution strongly suppress the CDW amplitude. This clear anticorrelation between strain and electronic order provides direct evidence that local lattice distortions play a decisive role in shaping CDW patterns.
Unexpectedly, the researchers also observed that localized regions of CDW order can persist even above the transition temperature, where long-range order is generally thought to disappear. These isolated pockets of electronic order suggest that the CDW transition is not a simple, uniform melting process, but instead involves gradual loss of spatial coherence.
A key advance of this work is the world’s first direct measurement of CDW amplitude correlations. By quantifying how the strength of electronic order at one location is related to that at another, the study reveals how CDW coherence collapses across the transition, while local amplitude remains finite. Such information could not be obtained with conventional diffraction or scanning probe techniques.
Toward a New Framework for Studying Electronic Order
Charge density waves are a central feature of many quantum materials and often coexist or compete with other electronic states. By directly accessing their spatial structure and correlations, this study provides a new experimental framework for understanding how collective electronic order forms and evolves in real materials.
Dr. Yongsoo Yang, who led the research, explained the significance of the results: “Until now, the spatial coherence of charge density waves was largely inferred indirectly. Our approach allows us to directly visualize how electronic order varies across space and temperature, and to identify the factors that locally stabilize or suppress it.”
[Figure 1] Schematic illustration of an experiment employing 4D-STEM to probe the spatial variations of charge density waves in the prototypical quantum material NbSe2 under a liquid-helium cryogenic environment (AI-generated image).
This research, with Seokjo Hong, Jaewhan Oh and Jemin Park of KAIST as co-first authors, was published online in Physical Review Letters on January 6th (Title: Spatial correlations of charge density wave order across the transition in 2H-NbSe2).
The study was mainly supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grants (Individual Basic Research Program, Basic Research Laboratory Program, Nanomaterial Technology Development Program) funded by the Korean Government (MSIT).
2026.01.20 View 219 -
Playground for Future Quantum Technology: KAIST-MIT Quantum Information Winter School Successfully Concluded
< Group photo of the KAIST-MIT Quantum Information Winter School >
“Through the KAIST-MIT Quantum Information Winter School, I was able to view research from a broader perspective. The experience of collaborating with students from various universities and majors to complete a project was very refreshing,” said Jun-hyeong Cho, a student at the KAIST School of Electrical Engineering.
KAIST announced on the 16th that the Graduate School of Quantum Science and Technology successfully concluded the ‘KAIST-MIT Quantum Information Winter School,’ held jointly with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from January 5th to 16th at the KAIST main campus in Daejeon.
For this year’s Winter School, 50 junior and senior undergraduate students from Korea and abroad were selected to receive intensive training to grow into next-generation quantum talent. Eight world-renowned scholars from KAIST and MIT participated in the program, providing a multi-dimensional curriculum that spanned theory and practice—ranging from theoretical lectures and introductions to cutting-edge quantum experiments to visits to government-funded research institutes and student poster presentations.
Celebrating its third anniversary since its inception in 2024, the Winter School is now evaluated as a premier quantum information education program in Korea. Alongside KAIST faculty, world-class scholars from MIT participated directly in lectures and field training, operating an intensive curriculum that covered the entirety of quantum information science.
The lecturing faculty included world authorities in quantum computing, quantum devices, quantum machine learning, and quantum simulation, such as MIT professors Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Seth Lloyd, Kevin P. O’Brien, and William D. Oliver, as well as KAIST scholars Jaewook Ahn, Joonwoo Bae, Gil-Young Cho, and Jae-yoon Choi.
Going beyond theoretical lectures, participants gained a broad understanding of research trends, technical limitations, and future development directions of state-of-the-art quantum technology through experimental training in core areas such as quantum computing, communication, sensing, and simulation.
< Scene from a Winter School lecture >
Furthermore, students visited the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) and the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) to experience actual research sites, engaging in field-oriented education that bridges quantum theory and practice. The poster presentation session, where students shared their own research ideas, received enthusiastic responses as a forum for deep academic exchange, allowing students to receive direct feedback from MIT faculty.
Tae-hee Kim, a student from Pusan National University, remarked, “I was greatly inspired by the passion of the MIT faculty and the high level of questions from the students. It served as a motivation for me to pursue deeper studies independently.” Byung-jin Hwang, a student from Yonsei University, added, “I expected lectures from world-class scholars to be difficult, but I was impressed by the explanations tailored to the undergraduate level. The poster presentation session was particularly memorable.”
Eun-seong Kim, Dean of the KAIST Graduate School of Quantum Science and Technology, stated, “The KAIST-MIT Quantum Information Winter School is a special educational program where students can learn directly from world-renowned quantum researchers and experience cutting-edge research. We look forward to the active participation of future talents who will lead the quantum industry.”
Participants for this Winter School were selected through a document review process, and the program was operated entirely free of charge. KAIST covered all educational expenses and provided dormitory accommodations and lunch. Detailed information about the event can be found on the KAIST Graduate School of Quantum Science and Technology website (https://quantumschool.kaist.ac.kr/).
< Poster for the KAIST-MIT Quantum Information Winter School >
2026.01.16 View 224 -
Chairman Jae-Chul Kim of Dongwon Group Donates a Total of 60.3 Billion Won to KAIST
<Jae-Chul Kim, Honorary Chairman of Dongwon Group>
"In the era of AI, a new future lies within the sea of data. I ask that KAIST leaps forward to become the world's No. 1 AI research group." — Jae-Chul Kim, Honorary Chairman of Dongwon Group
KAIST announced on January 16th that Honorary Chairman Jae-Chul Kim of Dongwon Group has pledged an additional 5.9 billion KRW in development funds to foster Artificial Intelligence (AI) talent and strengthen research infrastructure, bringing his total contribution to 60.3 billion KRW. This marks his second additional donation since 2020, continuing his steadfast support for strengthening South Korea's national competitiveness in the field of AI.
Through his initial donation in 2020, Chairman Kim established the 'Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI' at KAIST, urging the university to secure world-class capabilities. Upon hearing that KAIST’s AI research level ranked 5th among global universities over the past five years (2020–2024), Chairman Kim requested that the university strive to reach the No. 1 spot in the world.
In response, President Kwang Hyung Lee explained, "To surpass Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), which is currently evaluated as the world’s best with an AI faculty of about 45, the KAIST Graduate School of AI needs to expand its faculty to over 50 and construct a dedicated research building." Chairman Kim responded by saying, "I will build the building," and this latest donation is a fulfillment of that promise.
This third pledge of 5.9 billion KRW was decided to cover the projected budget shortfall as the design of the AI Education and Research Building enters full-scale development.
The AI Education and Research Building will be a facility with 8 floors above ground and 1 basement level, covering a total floor area of 18,182 m² (approx. 5,500 pyeong). It is scheduled for completion in February 2028. Once finished, it will serve as a global AI research hub housing 50 faculty members and 1,000 students.
Since the 2021 academic year, KAIST has been selecting 60 Master’s and 10 Doctoral students annually as 'Dongwon Scholars' outside of the regular quota for a period of 10 years. While the tuition and research incentives for the first three years were supported by the donation, KAIST has been utilizing its own budget since the 2024 academic year to ensure students can focus entirely on their research.
Moving forward, the Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI plans to build a world-class faculty and operate systematic Master's and Doctoral programs to cultivate global AI leaders. In addition to technical expertise, the school will offer educational programs focused on character and holistic development, leading the charge in strengthening Korea's AI competitiveness.
Honorary Chairman Jae-Chul Kim stated, "I hope this donation serves as a small 'priming water' for South Korea to leap forward as an AI powerhouse. I look forward to seeing global core talents grow here and contribute to our national strength."
President Kwang Hyung Lee expressed his gratitude, saying, "Chairman Kim’s unwavering support is the greatest driving force for KAIST to secure global AI sovereignty. We will ensure the Kim Jaechul Graduate School of AI becomes a mecca where the world's best AI minds gather to innovate, honoring the Chairman’s vision."
2026.01.16 View 272 -
KAIST–Daekyo, Opening of the Cognitive Enhancement Research Center Lounge
< Group photo of officials at the opening ceremony of the KAIST–Daekyo Cognitive Enhancement Research Center Lounge >
KAIST held the opening ceremony for the ‘KAIST–Daekyo Cognitive Enhancement Research Center Lounge,’ jointly established with Daekyo, at the Meta-Convergence Hall on the Daejeon main campus last Saturday, the 10th.
This lounge was established through an in-kind donation by Daekyo for space creation as part of research cooperation. It was designed as a base space to more systematically operate brain development and cognitive function enhancement research that KAIST and Daekyo have been jointly promoting, and to share research results with society. Through this event, KAIST introduced the achievements of its research cooperation to date and provided a forum to explore the future directions of education and brain science.
Key KAIST officials, including Kyun Min Lee, Vice President for Provost and Academic Affairs, and Dae-Soo Kim, Dean of the College of Life Science and Bioengineering, as well as officials from both organizations, including Ho-joon Kang, CEO of Daekyo, attended the event to celebrate the opening of the lounge.
Since signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for industry-academic research cooperation with Daekyo in 2023, our university has been jointly conducting research on cognitive function enhancement and mental health across the entire life cycle—from infants to adults and seniors—based on brain and cognitive science. The cooperation continues to expand these research results into educational content and solutions.
An official from Daekyo stated, "The Cognitive Enhancement Research Center Lounge is a symbolic space for the research cooperation accumulated by both organizations, and it is highly meaningful to be able to communicate directly with customers and share research results here. Moving forward, Daekyo will continue to expand its cooperation with KAIST to prove the value of scientific and systematic education."
Kyun Min Lee, Vice President for Provost and Academic Affairs, said, "The opening of this lounge is significant in that a space for industry-academic cooperation research was created through Daekyo’s donation. Based on this space, KAIST will strive to share the achievements of brain and cognitive science research with society and contribute to the field of education."
2026.01.12 View 149 -
KAIST detects ‘hidden defects’ that degrade semiconductor performance with 1,000× higher sensitivity
<(From Left) Professor Byungha Shin, Ph.D candidate Chaeyoun Kim, Dr. Oki Gunawan>
Semiconductors are used in devices such as memory chips and solar cells, and within them may exist invisible defects that interfere with electrical flow. A joint research team has developed a new analysis method that can detect these “hidden defects” (electronic traps) with approximately 1,000 times higher sensitivity than existing techniques. The technology is expected to improve semiconductor performance and lifetime, while significantly reducing development time and costs by enabling precise identification of defect sources.
KAIST (President Kwang Hyung Lee) announced on January 8th that a joint research team led by Professor Byungha Shin of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at KAIST and Dr. Oki Gunawan of the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center has developed a new measurement technique that can simultaneously analyze defects that hinder electrical transport (electronic traps) and charge carrier transport properties inside semiconductors.
Within semiconductors, electronic traps can exist that capture electrons and hinder their movement. When electrons are trapped, electrical current cannot flow smoothly, leading to leakage currents and degraded device performance. Therefore, accurately evaluating semiconductor performance requires determining how many electronic traps are present and how strongly they capture electrons.
The research team focused on Hall measurements, a technique that has long been used in semiconductor analysis. Hall measurements analyze electron motion using electric and magnetic fields. By adding controlled light illumination and temperature variation to this method, the team succeeded in extracting information that was difficult to obtain using conventional approaches.
Under weak illumination, newly generated electrons are first captured by electronic traps. As the light intensity is gradually increased, the traps become filled, and subsequently generated electrons begin to move freely. By analyzing this transition process, the researchers were able to precisely calculate the density and characteristics of electronic traps.
The greatest advantage of this method is that multiple types of information can be obtained simultaneously from a single measurement. It allows not only the evaluation of how fast electrons move, how long they survive, and how far they travel, but also the properties of traps that interfere with electron transport.
The team first validated the accuracy of the technique using silicon semiconductors and then applied it to perovskites, which are attracting attention as next-generation solar cell materials. As a result, they successfully detected extremely small quantities of electronic traps that were difficult to identify using existing methods—demonstrating a sensitivity approximately 1,000 times higher than that of conventional techniques.
< Conceptual Diagram of the Evolution of Hall Characterization (Analysis) Techniques >
Professor Byungha Shin stated, “This study presents a new method that enables simultaneous analysis of electrical transport and the factors that hinder it within semiconductors using a single measurement,” adding that “it will serve as an important tool for improving the performance and reliability of various semiconductor devices, including memory semiconductors and solar cells.”
The results of this research were published on January 1 in Science Advances, an international academic journal, with Chaeyoun Kim, a doctoral student in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, as the first author.
※ Paper title: “Electronic trap detection with carrier-resolved photo-Hall effect,” DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz0460
This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea.
< Conceptual Diagram of Charge Transport and Trap Characterization Using Photo-Hall Measurements (AI-generated image) >
2026.01.08 View 572 -
KAIST Solves Key Commercialization Challenges of Next-Generation Anode-Free Lithium Batteries
<(From Left) Ph.D candidate Juhyun Lee, Postdoctoral Researcher Jinuk Kim, (Upper Right) Professor Jinwoo Lee>
Anode-free lithium metal batteries, which have attracted attention as candidates for electric vehicles, drones, and next-generation high-performance batteries, offer much higher energy density than conventional lithium-ion batteries. However, their short lifespan has made commercialization difficult. KAIST researchers have now moved beyond conventional approaches that required repeatedly changing electrolytes and have succeeded in dramatically extending battery life through electrode surface design alone.
KAIST (President Kwang Hyung Lee) announced on the 4th of January that a research team led by Professors Jinwoo Lee and Sung Gap Im of the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering fundamentally resolved the issue of interfacial instability—the greatest weakness of anode-free lithium metal batteries—by introducing an ultrathin artificial polymer layer with a thickness of 15 nanometers (nm) on the electrode surface.
Anode-free lithium metal batteries have a simple structure that uses only a copper current collector instead of graphite or lithium metal at the anode. This design offers advantages such as 30–50% higher energy density compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries, lower manufacturing costs, and simplified processes. However, during the initial charging process, lithium deposits directly onto the copper surface, rapidly consuming the electrolyte and forming an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), which leads to a sharp reduction in battery lifespan.
Rather than changing the electrolyte composition, the research team chose a strategy of redesigning the electrode surface where the problem originates. By forming a uniform ultrathin polymer layer on the copper current collector using an iCVD (initiated chemical vapor deposition) process, they found that this layer regulates interactions with the electrolyte, precisely controlling lithium-ion transport and electrolyte decomposition pathways.
<Figure 1. Schematic of an ultrathin artificial polymer layer (15 nm thick) introduced onto the electrode surface>
In conventional batteries, electrolyte solvents decompose to form soft and unstable organic SEI layers, causing non-uniform lithium deposition and promoting the growth of sharp, needle-like dendrites. In contrast, the polymer layer developed in this study does not readily mix with the electrolyte solvent, inducing the decomposition of salt components rather than solvents. As a result, a rigid and stable inorganic SEI is formed, simultaneously suppressing electrolyte consumption and excessive SEI growth.
Using operando Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the researchers identified the mechanism by which an anion-rich environment forms at the electrode surface during battery operation, leading to the formation of a stable inorganic SEI.
This technology requires only the addition of a thin surface layer without altering electrolyte composition, offering high compatibility with existing manufacturing processes and minimal cost burden. In particular, the iCVD process enables large-area, continuous roll-to-roll production, making it suitable for industrial-scale mass production beyond the laboratory.
<Figure 2. Design rationale of the current collector-modifying artificial polymer layer and the SEI formation mechanism>
Professor Jinwoo Lee stated, “Beyond developing new materials, this study is significant in that it presents a design principle showing how electrolyte reactions and interfacial stability can be controlled through electrode surface engineering,” adding, “This technology can accelerate the commercialization of anode-free lithium metal batteries in next-generation high-energy battery markets such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems (ESS).”
This research was conducted with Ph.D candidate Juhyun Lee, and postdoctoral Jinuk Kim, a postdoctoral researcher from the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at KAIST, serving as co–first authors. The results were published on December 10, 2025, in Joule, one of the most prestigious journals in the field of energy.
※ Paper title: “A Strategic Tuning of Interfacial Li⁺ Solvation with Ultrathin Polymer Layers for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries,” Authors: Juhyun Lee (KAIST, co–first author), Jinuk Kim (KAIST, co–first author), Jinwoo Lee (KAIST, corresponding author), Sung Gap Im (KAIST, corresponding author), among a total of 18 authors, DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102226
This research was conducted at the Frontier Research Laboratory, jointly established by KAIST and LG Energy Solution, and was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Mid-Career Research Program, the Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute) Advanced Technology Development Program for High Value-Added Wood Resources, and the KAIST Jang Young Sil Fellowship Program.
2026.01.05 View 525 -
KAIST to Showcase K-Tech Competitiveness at KAIST Pavilion during CES 2026
< Figure 1. Bird's-eye view of the KAIST Pavilion at CES 2026 >
KAIST announced on January 2nd that it will participate in the Consumer Electronics Show (CES 2026), held from January 6 to 9, 2026, at Eureka Park in the Venetian Expo, Las Vegas. KAIST will operate a dedicated 111㎡ "KAIST Pavilion" to showcase its innovative technologies to global corporations and investors.
A total of 12 startups will participate in the KAIST Pavilion at CES 2026. Notably, eight of these companies are built on core AI technologies, highlighting KAIST's artificial intelligence research capabilities and its achievements in technology commercialization.
The participating companies will unveil solutions targeting the global market across various high-tech sectors centered on AI, including robotics, bio-health, hardware devices, and content technology.
One of the standout participants is Hypergram, a faculty-led startup. Hypergram will introduce 'HG VNIR Pro,' the world’s first commercialized compressive hyperspectral imaging technology. This product is an end-to-end solution that integrates industrial-grade precision hardware with AI analysis software, capable of detecting minute chemical properties invisible to the human eye in real-time. During the exhibition, the company plans to demonstrate high-precision AI image analysis using its high-speed hyperspectral machine vision camera.
< Figure 2. Hypergram >
MOSS, a winner of the CES 2026 Innovation Award, will exhibit an AI-based, all-in-one mobile music production platform. This platform allows the general public and indie musicians to create high-quality music without a heavy financial burden. Visitors can experience the intuitiveness and innovation of the technology at an AI experience zone, where they can create music by linking the MOSS app with the dedicated hardware, 'MOSS Pocket Studio.'
< Figure 3. MOSS (Innovation Award Winning Product) >
BareulEye is developing a medical AI diagnostic solution that detects high-resolution changes in internal organ microstructures based on AI-powered quantitative ultrasound analysis technology. At CES 2026, they will unveil a 3D volume reconstruction technology that utilizes smart mirror-based self-ultrasound imaging.
Leveraging this technological prowess, BareulEye recently secured approximately $10 million (14 billion KRW) in a strategic Series A investment from a leading global healthcare company. Led by Professor Hyeon-min Bae, the Director of the KAIST Institute for Startup & Entrepreneurship and CEO of BareulEye, the company plans to accelerate joint technology development and overseas market expansion.
< Figure 4. BareulEye >
In addition to these, various KAIST startups leading innovation in AI, bio, and hardware devices will participate to solidify their foundations for entering the global market.
The KAIST Pavilion is designed with an open layout and large-scale LED displays to attract attention, featuring independent spaces for each company to facilitate in-depth technical presentations and investment consultations.
"Through CES 2026, we aim to imprint the AI-driven innovative technologies of KAIST startups on the global stage and establish a practical bridgehead for their international expansion," said Keon Jae Lee, Vice President of the KAIST Institute for Technology Value Creation.
2026.01.02 View 1493 -
KAIST Researchers First in the World to Identify Security Threat Exploiting Google Gemini’s "Malicious Expert AI" Structure
<Photo 1. (From left) Ph.D. candidates Mingyoo Song and Jaehan Kim, Professor Sooel Son, (Top right) Professor Seungwon Shin, Lead Researcher Seung Ho Na>
Most major commercial Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Google’s Gemini, utilize a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) structure. This architecture enhances efficiency by dynamically selecting and using multiple "small AI models (Expert AIs)" depending on input queries . However, KAIST research team has revealed for the first time in the world that this very structure can actually become a new security threat.
A joint research team led by Professor Seungwon Shin (School of Electrical Engineering) and Professor Sooel Son (School of Computing) announced on December 26th that they have identified an attack technique that can seriously compromise the safety of LLMs by exploiting the MoE structure. For this research, they received the Distinguished Paper Award at ACSAC 2025, one of the most prestigious international conferences in the field of information security.
ACSAC (Annual Computer Security Applications Conference) is among the most influential international academic conferences in security. This year, only two papers out of all submissions were selected as Distinguished Papers. It is highly unusual for a domestic Korean research team to achieve such a feat in the field of AI security.
In this study, the team systematically analyzed the fundamental security vulnerabilities of the MoE structure. In particular, they demonstrated that even if an attacker does not have direct access to the internal structure of a commercial LLM, the entire model can be induced to generate dangerous responses if just one maliciously manipulated "Expert Model" is distributed through open-source channels and integrated into the system.
<Figure 1. Conceptual diagram of the attack technology proposed by the research team.>
To put it simply: even if there is only one "malicious expert" mixed among normal AI experts, that specific expert may be repeatedly selected for processing harmful queries, causing the overall safety of the AI to collapse. A particularly dangerous factor highlighted was that this process causes almost no degradation in model performance, making the problem extremely difficult to detect in advance.
Experimental results showed that the attack technique proposed by the research team could increase the harmful response rate from 0% to up to 80%. They confirmed that the safety of the entire model significantly deteriorates even if only one out of many experts is "infected."
This research is highly significant as it presents the first new security threat that can occur in the rapidly expanding global open-source-based LLM development environment. Simultaneously, it suggests that verifying the "source and safety of individual expert models" is now essential—not just performance—during the AI model development process.
Professors Seungwon Shin and Sooel Son stated, "Through this study, we have empirically confirmed that the MoE structure, which is spreading rapidly for the sake of efficiency, can become a new security threat. This award is a meaningful achievement that recognizes the importance of AI security on an international level."
The study involved Ph.D. candidates Jaehan Kim and Mingyoo Song, Dr. Seung Ho Na (currently at Samsung Electronics), Professor Seungwon Shin, and Professor Sooel Son. The results were presented at ACSAC in Hawaii, USA, on December 12, 2025.
<Figure 2. Photo of the Distinguished Paper Award certificate>
Paper Title: MoEvil: Poisoning Experts to Compromise the Safety of Mixture-of-Experts LLMs
Paper File: https://jaehanwork.github.io/files/moevil.pdf
GitHub (Open Source): https://github.com/jaehanwork/MoEvil
This research was supported by the Korea Internet & Security Agency (KISA) and the Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) under the Ministry of Science and ICT.
2025.12.26 View 1243 -
Finding Solutions to Foreign Disinformation Through Youth Ideas
< Group Photo of the Awards Ceremony >
KAIST has announced that the awards ceremony for the ‘2025 Foreign Disinformation Response Idea Competition for University Students (Counter-Disinformation Challenge),’ organized by the Institute for Security Convergence in collaboration with the National Intelligence Service (NIS), is scheduled to be held on the afternoon of the 23rd at the KAIST Munji Campus.
This competition, held for the second time since its inaugural launch last year, was established to inform the public about the current state of the creation and spread of foreign disinformation and its resulting social and national harms, as well as to seek future response measures. It solicited practical ideas covering both technology and policy from university students and the general public.
Based on the awareness of the issues raised through last year’s competition, our university focused this year on strengthening the link between technology and policy and discovering ideas that can lead to actual research and development (R&D) and institutional improvements. Through this, the university plans to establish the foundation for a mid-to-long-term strategy for responding to foreign disinformation.
The competition was held from November 1st to December 5th in two categories: ▲ Technical ideas to prevent the spread of foreign disinformation, and ▲ Policy proposals and institutional improvement ideas to solve foreign disinformation issues. A total of 144 teams, comprising 259 university and graduate students (including those on leave) from across the country, participated.
Among them, 18 teams were selected as the final winners. This represents an improvement in both the scale of participation and the completeness of the proposals compared to last year, demonstrating the high level of interest among the youth in responding to foreign disinformation.
The awards consist of: ▲ Technical Idea category: 1 Grand Prize, 3 First Prizes, 5 Excellence Prizes; ▲ Policy Proposal and Institutional Improvement category: 1 Grand Prize, 3 First Prizes, 5 Excellence Prizes.
The Grand Prize (KAIST President's Award) in the ‘Technical Idea for Disinformation Response’ category will be awarded to Team ‘Lemming,’ composed of students Lee Jun, Kang Yun-ah, and Ma Seon-young from Jeju National University. Team Lemming proposed a technology that utilizes multi-persona AI agents to virtually simulate the creation, spread, and response processes of disinformation.
Additionally, the Grand Prize (KAIST President's Award) in the ‘Policy Proposal and Institutional Improvement for Disinformation Response’ category will be awarded to Team ‘Kim Anbo Girls,’ composed of student Kim Yeon-jung from Jungwon University and student Kim Hyun-jin from Baekseok Arts University.
Bae Joong-myeon, Director of the KAIST Institute for Security Convergence, stated, “Foreign disinformation is a future-type security threat where technology, policy, and society are complexly intertwined. We plan to link the students’ ideas to future R&D and policy reviews through collaboration with the National Intelligence Service and the Cyber Security Research Center of the KAIST Institute for Security Convergence.”
Meanwhile, the National Intelligence Service, which sponsored this competition, has been accepting reports of foreign disinformation 24 hours a day, 365 days a year through the ‘111 Reporting Center’ and its official website since September 2024, and is promoting the strengthening of an integrated response system through cooperation with related organizations.
< Event Poster >
2025.12.23 View 524 -
Vieworks CEO Hu-sik Kim Appointed as 28th KAIST Alumni Association President
< Hu-sik Kim, 28th President of KAIST Alumni Association (CEO of Vieworks) >
KAIST announced on December 23rd that Hu-sik Kim, CEO of Vieworks—a company specializing in medical and industrial imaging solutions—has been appointed as the 28th President of the KAIST Alumni Association.
President-elect Hu-sik Kim, an alumnus with a Master’s degree in Physics (Class of ’95) from KAIST, is a technology-driven leader who has dedicated 26 years to the field of imaging solutions. He is recognized as a "field-oriented innovator" who has pioneered global niche markets with world-first technologies and driven long-term growth by prioritizing people and organizational culture as core competencies.
While working professionally, he enrolled in the KAIST Master’s program to strengthen his theoretical and practical expertise in optics. Later, he played a leading role in co-founding a venture company with fellow alumni, successfully growing Vieworks into a prominent global mid-sized enterprise.
In his inauguration remarks, President Kim stated, “I feel a profound sense of responsibility to give back to the nation and the community for the benefits I have received. I will do my best to ensure that the values of innovation and entrepreneurship are realized through our alumni network, and that the alumni association and our alma mater can prosper together.”
President Kim’s term will span two years starting from January 2026. The inauguration ceremony will be held during the "2026 New Year’s Greeting Ceremony" on January 16, 2026, at the El Tower in Seoul.
2025.12.23 View 600 -
Where did this fish come from? Securing World-Class Seafood Traceability Technology
< (From left) KAIST Ph.D. candidate Hyeontaek Hwang, Research Professor Yalew Kidane, Senior Researcher Young-jong Lee, Researcher Geon-woo Park, and (Top) Professor Daeyoung Kim >
When buying seafood at a supermarket, you may have wondered where the fish was caught and what process it went through to reach your dinner table. However, due to complex distribution processes, it has been difficult to transparently track that path. KAIST’s research team has developed a digital technology that solves this problem, allowing the movement path of seafood to be checked at a glance based on international standards recognized worldwide.
KAIST announced on December 19th that "OLIOPASS," a GS1 international standard-based digital transformation solution developed by Director Daeyoung Kim (Professor, School of Computing) of the KAIST Auto-ID Labs Busan Innovation Center, has passed the rigorous performance verification of the GDST (Global Dialogue on Seafood Traceability). It is the first in Korea to obtain the "GDST Capable Solution" certification.
< (Left) GDST Global Certification Logo, (Right) KAIST OLIOPASS Platform Logo >
Only 13 technologies worldwide have received this GDST certification. Among them, only 7 entities, including KAIST, support "Full Chain" traceability technology, which manages the entire process from production and processing to distribution and sales.
The GDST is an international organization established in 2015 at the suggestion of the World Economic Forum (WEF). It helps record and share information on all seafood movement processes digitally, according to the GS1 international standard agreed upon by the global community. This can be compared to creating a "common language for the supply chain" used worldwide.
The GDST is a global standard system that increases the reliability of seafood history information by defining Key Data Elements (KDEs) that must be recorded during the movement of seafood and Critical Tracking Events (CTEs) that define when, where, and what moved, based on international standards.
As major food distribution companies in the United States and Europe have recently begun requiring GDST compliance, this standard is becoming a de facto essential requirement for entering the global market. Since 2019, KAIST has participated as a founding member of GDST and has played a key role in designing seafood traceability models and system-to-system information interoperability.
In particular, with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announcing the mandatory enforcement of food traceability (FSMA 204) starting in July 2028, this certification is significant as it secures a technical solution for domestic companies to meet global market regulations.
OLIOPASS, which received certification on November 5th, is a digital traceability platform that combines KAIST's IoT technology with international standards (GS1 EPCIS 2.0, GS1 Digital Link). It records and shares movement information of various products and assets in a standardized language and utilizes blockchain technology to fundamentally prevent forgery or alteration. Even if systems differ between companies, history data is seamlessly linked.
Furthermore, OLIOPASS is designed as an "AI-ready data" infrastructure, allowing for the easy application of next-generation AI technologies such as Large Multimodal Models (LMM), AI agents, knowledge graphs, and ontologies. This allows it to serve as a platform that supports both digital and AI transformation beyond simple history management.
Daeyoung Kim, Director of the KAIST Auto-ID Labs Busan Innovation Center, stated, "This certification is an international recognition of our capability in reliable data technology across the global supply chain. We will expand OLIOPASS beyond seafood and food into various fields such as pharmaceuticals, logistics, defense, and smart cities, ensuring KAIST’s technology grows into a platform used by the world."
※ Related Link: https://thegdst.org/verified-gdst-capable-solutions/
< List of Certified Organizations >
2025.12.22 View 525 -
Harry Potter–Style ‘Moving Invisibility Cloak’ Technology Developed
<(Top row, left) Ph.D candidate Hyeonseung Lee, Professor Wonho Choe, (Second row, left) Professor Hyoungsoo Kim, Professor Sanghoo Park,(Top) First author Dr. Jeongsu Pyeon>
What do Harry Potter’s invisibility cloak and stealth fighter jets that evade radar have in common? They both make objects invisible despite their physical presence. Building upon this concept, our research team has taken it one step further by developing a “smart invisibility cloak” like technology that hides electromagnetic waves even better as it stretches and moves. This technology is expected to open new possibilities for moving robots, body-mounted wearable devices, and next-generation stealth technologies.
On December 16th, research teams led by Professor Hyoungsoo Kim of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Professor Sanghoo Park of the Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering from KAIST announced that they have developed a core enabling technology for next-generation stretchable cloaking* based on Liquid Metal Composite Ink (LMCP), which can absorb, modulate, and shield electromagnetic waves.
* Cloaking: A technology that makes an object appear as if it does not exist to detection equipment such as radar or sensors, even though it is physically present.
To realize cloaking technology, it is necessary to freely control light or electromagnetic waves on the surface of an object. However, conventional metallic materials are rigid and do not stretch well, and when forcibly stretched, they easily break. For this reason, there have been significant difficulties in applying such materials to body-conforming electronic devices or robots that freely change shape.
The liquid metal composite ink developed by the research team maintains electrical conductivity even when stretched up to 12 times its original length (1200%), and it demonstrated high stability with little oxidation or performance degradation even after being left in air for nearly a year. Unlike conventional metals, this ink is rubber-like and soft while fully retaining metallic functionality.
These properties are possible because, during the drying process, liquid metal particles inside the ink spontaneously connect with one another to form a mesh-like metallic network structure. This structure functions as a “metamaterial”—an artificial structure in which extremely small patterns are repeatedly printed using ink so that electromagnetic waves interact with the structure in a designed manner. As a result, the material simultaneously exhibits liquid-like flexibility and metal-like robustness.
The fabrication process is also simple. Without complex procedures such as high-temperature sintering or laser processing, the ink can be printed using a printer or applied with a brush and then simply dried. In addition, common drying issues such as stains or cracking do not occur, enabling smooth and uniform metal patterns.
To verify the performance of the ink, the research team became the first in the world to fabricate a “stretchable metamaterial absorber” whose electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics change depending on the degree of stretching.
Simply stretching the rubber-like substrate after printing patterns with the ink changes the type (frequency band) of electromagnetic waves that are absorbed. This demonstrates the potential for cloaking technology that can more effectively hide objects from radar or communication signals depending on the situation.
<Figure. Comparison of LMCP ink properties, printing process applicability, mechanical/electrical performance, and versatility on various substrates.
(a) Comparison results regarding surface tension, viscosity, wettability, and post-processing requirements between conventional liquid metal-based inks and the LMCP ink in this study. The results demonstrate that LMCP ink possesses the advantage of requiring no post-processing while maintaining relatively high viscosity and excellent wettability. (Right radar chart: Qualitative comparison of key performance indicators, including electrical conductivity, surface tension, viscosity, wettability, and post-processing requirements).
(b) Various printing methods based on the self-sintering characteristics of LMCP ink: nozzle-based direct writing, brushing, patterning using shadow masks and doctor blade processes, and large-area electrode fabrication via the roll-to-roll method.
(c) Stretchability and electrical stability of LMCP electrodes. Results show resistance changes when samples are stretched from 0% to 1200%, and stable operation is confirmed under 0%–500% strain through a 3 V LED driving experiment.
(d) Examples of various patterns and devices fabricated using LMCP ink. Applicable structures are presented, including large-area uniform coating, precise grid patterns, crack-free metal paths, LED circuits operating under tension, and stretchable spiral electrodes>
(e) Examples demonstrating stable printing of LMCP ink on various substrates (SIR, NBR, PVC, PET, WPU, PDMS, Latex), indicating excellent pattern reproducibility and adhesion regardless of the substrate type>
This technology is evaluated as a groundbreaking electronic material technology that simultaneously satisfies stretchability, electrical conductivity, long-term stability, process simplicity, and electromagnetic wave control functionality.
Professor Hyoungsoo Kim stated, “We have made it possible to implement electromagnetic wave functionality using only printing processes without complex equipment,” adding, “This technology is expected to be utilized in various future technologies such as robotic skin, body-mounted wearable devices, and radar stealth technologies in the defense sector.”
This research was recognized as an important fundamental technology in the field of next-generation electronic materials and was published in the October 2025 issue of the international Wiley journal Small on October 16, where it was selected as a cover article.
Paper title:
J. Pyeon, H. Lee, W. Choe, S. Park, H. Kim,
“Versatile Liquid Metal Composite Inks for Printable, Durable, and Ultra-Stretchable Electronics,”
Small 2501829 (2025)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202501829
Author information:
First author: Dr. Jeongsu Pyeon
Co-authors: Doctoral candidate Hyeonseung Lee, Professor Wonho ChoeCorresponding authors: Professor Hyoungsoo Kim, Professor Sanghoo Park
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea’s Mid-Career Research Program (MSIT: 2021R1A2C2007835) and the KAIST UP Program.
< Selected as the cover article of the October 2025 issue of the international journal Small >
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2025.12.16 View 1949